语法要点:直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话,或引用自己说过的话,叫间接引语。由 于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化,所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法
① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序
陈述句用 that 引导,口语中常省略 She said,例:
“I am going to the cinema. ”
→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
② 一般疑问句
用if/whether连接,例:
“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.
→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.
③ 反意疑问句
用if/whether连接,例:
He asked,“You are a doctor, aren’t you?”
→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.
④ 特殊疑问句
由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语,不要改变语序),例:
He asked, “Who will come to help us?”
→ He asked who would come to help them.
She said, “Where have you been, Simon?”
→ She asked Simon where he had been.
⑤ 选择疑问句
由 whether…or 引导,例:
Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”
→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.
⑥ 祈使句
用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构,将动词原形变为动词不定式,例:
“Put up your hands,” said the teacher.
→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.
“Don’t play football on the street,” the policeman said.
→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
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